{
  "family": "bebloh",
  "sample_count": 3,
  "category": "trojan",
  "description": "Trojan:Win32/Bebloh (frequently referred to as **URLZone**) is a highly sophisticated, financially motivated Banking Trojan. It gained notoriety for pioneering advanced 'Web Injection' techniques. Bebloh doesn't just steal passwords; it actively manipulates the HTML and JavaScript of banking portals *while the victim is viewing them*. This allows the malware to execute illicit fund transfers in the background, while simultaneously altering the displayed web page to show a fake, healthy account balance to the user.<br><br><b>Understanding Bebloh (Web Injections)</b><br>To an end-user, the banking experience appears completely normal, even after their account has been drained. For a security analyst, Bebloh represents an apex predator in the financial malware space. It utilizes Man-in-the-Browser (MitB) tactics (`T1185`) to intercept and alter HTTP/HTTPS traffic locally, rendering server-side fraud detection (like IP geolocation or velocity checks) ineffective because the fraudulent transactions originate from the victim's trusted machine and active session.<br><br><b>Execution and Hooking Mechanics</b><br>Bebloh is typically delivered via spear-phishing campaigns (`T1566.001`) utilizing weaponized Office macros. Upon execution, it achieves persistence via the Registry Run keys (`T1547.001`) and injects its core DLL into the memory of all running web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, IE) (`T1055.001`). Once injected, it hooks essential networking APIs (like `HttpSendRequest` in `wininet.dll` or `PR_Write` in Firefox's NSS library) (`T1056.004`). When the victim navigates to a targeted banking URL, Bebloh requests customized web-injection scripts from its C2 server. These scripts dynamically alter the DOM, injecting fake input fields (to steal 2FA tokens) and rewriting account balance variables before the page is rendered.<br><br><b>Indicators of Compromise & Impact</b><br>The impact is direct, stealthy financial theft. Host-based IoCs include EDR alerts for DLL injection originating from `explorer.exe` into browser processes. Network IoCs involve the downloading of configuration files (often encrypted) from known Bebloh C2 infrastructure. Memory analysis will reveal hooked API functions within the browser process space.",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [],
  "faq_count": 0,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1056.004",
    "T1055.001",
    "T1566.001",
    "T1185"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-06-09",
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1185",
      "name": "Browser Session Hijacking (Man-in-the-Browser / Web Injections)",
      "tactic": "Collection"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1056.004",
      "name": "Input Capture: Credential API Hooking",
      "tactic": "Collection"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1055.001",
      "name": "Process Injection: Dynamic-link Library Injection",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1566.001",
      "name": "Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment",
      "tactic": "Initial Access"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Immediately isolate the endpoint; any active browser sessions on that machine are compromised and actively manipulated.",
    "Contact the associated financial institutions immediately to freeze the victim's accounts and halt any pending transfers.",
    "Initiate a mandatory password reset and 2FA token revocation from a *clean, uninfected* device.",
    "Wipe the infected machine entirely; relying on AV removal is risky given the deep API hooking and potential for secondary payloads."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not trust the account balances or transaction histories displayed on the infected machine's web browser.",
    "Avoid relying solely on network-based fraud detection; MitB attacks originate from the victim's legitimate IP and session."
  ],
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ]
}