{
  "family": "presenoker",
  "sample_count": 406,
  "category": "trojan_generic",
  "description": "Adware:Win32/Presenoker is a widespread Potentially Unwanted Application (PUA) and adware downloader that aggressive injects advertisements and tracks user browsing behavior.<br><br><b>Understanding Presenoker</b><br>To the average consumer, Presenoker is the cause of endless pop-up ads, fake security alerts, and browser redirects. For incident responders, Presenoker is a persistent monetization tool distributed via Pay-Per-Install (PPI) networks. Its primary goal is not data destruction, but rather aggressive revenue generation through click-fraud and the forced installation of secondary adware modules.<br><br><b>Execution and Evasion Strategies</b><br>Presenoker is almost exclusively distributed via bundleware—users inadvertently install it when rapidly clicking through the setup menus of freeware applications on deceptive download portals. Once active, it drops numerous executable files into the <code>%LocalAppData%</code> and <code>%ProgramFiles%</code> directories. It establishes persistence via the Windows Task Scheduler, ensuring its adware components launch on every boot. Presenoker frequently modifies browser shortcut files (<code>.lnk</code>) to force traffic through its affiliate networks and installs rogue browser extensions to intercept search queries.<br><br><b>Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)</b><br>Threat hunters will observe a massive spike in outbound HTTP/HTTPS connections to known adware tracking domains and affiliate networks. The Windows Registry will contain unauthorized modifications under <code>HKCU\\Software\\Policies</code>, utilizing Group Policy to prevent the user from disabling the malicious extensions. The presence of unwanted scheduled tasks designed to initiate daily adware updates is a strong IoC. The impact is severely degraded system performance and a loss of browsing privacy.",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [],
  "faq_count": 0,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1547.009",
    "T1112",
    "T1189",
    "T1053.005",
    "T1176"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-06-09",
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1189",
      "name": "Drive-by Compromise",
      "tactic": "Initial Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1053.005",
      "name": "Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task",
      "tactic": "Persistence"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1176",
      "name": "Browser Extensions",
      "tactic": "Persistence"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1547.009",
      "name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Shortcut Modification",
      "tactic": "Persistence"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1112",
      "name": "Modify Registry",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Quarantine the endpoint to halt the continuous downloading of secondary adware modules and click-fraud traffic.",
    "Deploy specialized adware removal tools (like AdwCleaner) to automatically identify and strip the deep registry hooks and forced Group Policies.",
    "Audit the Windows Task Scheduler and delete any tasks associated with Presenoker or its bundled adware modules.",
    "Manually inspect all web browser shortcuts (<code>.lnk</code>), removing any appended URLs, and reset all browsers to factory defaults."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not trust the uninstallers provided by the adware; they frequently execute secondary scripts to reinstall the software later.",
    "Avoid ignoring the infection; PPI networks frequently pivot to dropping banking trojans or ransomware if it is more profitable."
  ],
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ]
}