{
  "family": "ribaj",
  "sample_count": 1199,
  "category": "trojan_generic",
  "description": "Trojan:Win32/Ribaj is a stealthy information stealer and backdoor trojan designed to silently harvest credentials, banking information, and sensitive files from compromised endpoints.<br><br><b>What is Ribaj?</b><br>For the victim, Ribaj provides no visible symptoms, operating entirely in the background. For threat intelligence analysts, Ribaj is a highly effective data exfiltration tool. It is specifically engineered to bypass endpoint defenses, hook into web browsers to steal saved passwords and session cookies, and establish a covert Command-and-Control (C2) channel to transmit the stolen data back to the attacker.<br><br><b>Infection Vectors & Threat Hunting</b><br>Ribaj is typically distributed via spearphishing campaigns containing malicious attachments or dropped as a secondary payload by exploit kits. Upon execution, it drops a highly obfuscated executable into the <code>%AppData%</code> or <code>%LocalAppData%</code> directory. It establishes persistence via the registry Run keys or by creating a hidden scheduled task. Ribaj injects its core data-harvesting modules into legitimate processes like <code>explorer.exe</code> or <code>svchost.exe</code>. Threat hunters should monitor for anomalous outbound HTTP/HTTPS traffic containing encrypted POST data originating from injected system processes.<br><br><b>Forensic Analysis & Impact</b><br>The impact of Ribaj is a massive breach of confidentiality. It actively hunts for cryptocurrency wallets, FTP credentials, and browser auto-fill data. Incident responders should analyze memory dumps to identify the injected modules and extract the C2 domains. Dropped configuration files (often encrypted <code>.dat</code> files) in the user's profile directory are strong IoCs. Immediate password resets for all compromised accounts are mandatory.",
  "cta": "Published by the SystemHelpdesk team.",
  "aliases": [],
  "enrichment_level": "expert-seo",
  "faq": [],
  "faq_count": 0,
  "mitre_attack": [
    "T1055",
    "T1056.001",
    "T1555.003",
    "T1048",
    "T1547.001"
  ],
  "cisa_advisory": null,
  "last_updated": "2026-06-09",
  "mitre_attack_detail": [
    {
      "id": "T1555.003",
      "name": "Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers",
      "tactic": "Credential Access"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1055",
      "name": "Process Injection",
      "tactic": "Defense Evasion"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1048",
      "name": "Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol",
      "tactic": "Exfiltration"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1547.001",
      "name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder",
      "tactic": "Persistence"
    },
    {
      "id": "T1056.001",
      "name": "Input Capture: Keylogging",
      "tactic": "Collection"
    }
  ],
  "containment_steps": [
    "Instantly isolate the endpoint from the network to halt the active exfiltration of stolen credentials and sensitive files.",
    "Force a global password reset for all user accounts, prioritizing corporate VPN access, email, and financial portals.",
    "Utilize EDR or memory forensics to identify and terminate the legitimate processes (like <code>explorer.exe</code>) that have been injected with the Ribaj payload.",
    "Rebuild the operating system from a known-clean image to ensure complete eradication of the backdoor."
  ],
  "what_to_avoid": [
    "Do not allow the user to continue working on the infected machine, as the active keylogger will capture any new credentials entered.",
    "Avoid relying solely on network blocks, as Ribaj frequently utilizes Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) or dynamic DNS to shift its C2 infrastructure."
  ],
  "target_industries": [
    "Global / Opportunistic"
  ],
  "motivation": "Opportunistic",
  "threat_actors": [
    "Unknown / Cybercriminal"
  ],
  "target_geographies": [
    "Global"
  ]
}